Half Diamond Pattern

Introduction

The half diamond pattern is characterized by its diamond-like shape, truncated at the center.

Understanding the Half Diamond Star Pattern

The half diamond star pattern is a visual representation of stars forming a diamond shape but only half of it. The pattern consists of rows of stars, where the number of stars in each row increases or decreases, creating the illusion of a diamond cut in half.

Consider the following example with a height of 5.

*
**
***
****
*****
****
***
**
*

In this pattern, the number of stars increases up to the middle row and then decreases in a symmetrical manner.

Code Implementation

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int height = 5;

    // Upper half of the diamond
    for (int i = 1; i <= height; ++i) {
        for (int j = 1; j <= i; ++j) {
            std::cout << "* ";
        }
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }

    // Lower half of the diamond
    for (int i = height - 1; i >= 1; --i) {
        for (int j = 1; j <= i; ++j) {
            std::cout << "* ";
        }
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

Explanation

1. The first loop (for (int i = 1; i <= height; ++i)) controls the upper half of the diamond, incrementing the number of stars in each row.
2. The second loop (for (int i = height - 1; i >= 1; --i)) controls the lower half of the diamond, decrementing the number of stars in each row.
3. The inner loop (for (int j = 1; j <= i; ++j)) in both cases prints the stars in each row.
4. The std::endl is used to move to the next line after printing each row.

Complexity Analysis

Time Complexity: The time complexity of generating the half diamond pattern is O(n^2), where n is the height of the diamond. Both the upper and lower halves contribute to the quadratic time complexity.

Space Complexity: The space complexity is O(1), constant, as the amount of memory used does not depend on the input size. The memory required for each iteration remains constant.